Abstract Background Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a pan nuclear protein that utilizes NAD+ as a substrate for poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction (PARylation). resulting in both auto-modification and the modification of its accepter proteins. Earlier reports suggested that several nucleolar proteins interact and colocalize with PARP-1. leading to their PARylation. https://jalyttlers.shop/product-category/fireguard/