Large eddy simulations on film cooling hole array on a flat plate was carried out to investigate upstream turbulence effect. Circular cylinders were configured to create a turbulent boundary layer and its diameter has been adjusted to generate 13% upstream turbulence intensity in the main flow. Due to the small pitch to diameter configuration of the cylinder. two-dimensional LES analy... https://parisnaturalfoodes.shop/product-category/blackberry-betty/